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Available again in a single volume, New Babylon, New Nineveh explores the past struggles of everyday people on the Witwatersrand, South Africa, 1886-1914. This was a period of extraordinary social, political and economic change. Charles van Onselen examines a host of practices, processes and problems which, in many ways, make for startling comparisons with modern-day South Africa. Van Onselen investigates the pervasive, but highly problematic use of alcohol and prostitution, which were used to control both black and white mine workers, by the state and the mine owners. This exploitation of the lifestyle of the single miners later gave way to the official encouragement of working-class family life. This gave rise to the advent of domestic servants and the introduction of a systematic programme of suburbanisation and cheap public transportation. We see how not even these developments were able to protect the poorest and weakest South Africans of the time. Van Onselen explains how Afrikaner unemployment and an affinity for trade unionism were paralleled by further marginalisation, black unemployment and the resultant formation of prison gangs, which flourish even to the present day.